when looking at data obtained from studies with living mammalian cells, it appears reasonable to assume that dequalinium molecules could be pulled into the mitochondrial matrix in response to the high mitochondrial membrane potential as demonstrated in , which in turn might lead to the destabilization of acetaminophen caffeine and dihydrocodeine bitartrate the dqasomepdna complex however, the first detailed study, estrace stomach upset which demonstrated the selective dna release from dqaplexes, was performed estrace stomach upset using membrane mimicking liposomes fig as a model for the intracellular release of dna from dqasomes, the capacity of anionic liposomes to displace the dna from its cationic carrier was studied the association of dna estrace stomach upset with the cationic carrier was assessed by employing sybr green i the fluorescence signal of this dye is greatly enhanced estrace stomach upset when bound to dna nonbinding results in loss of fluorescence it can be clearly seen that in the vicinity of a charge ratio, dqasomes do not release any dna in the presence of cytoplasmic membrane mimicking estrace stomach upset liposomes dqasomes s � � estrace stomach upset o � u a � � � cpm imm ��� anionic liposomes i � � time [sec] fig effect of anionic liposomes on dna release estrace stomach upset from dqasomepdna complexes dna was preincubated with sybr until stabilization of the signal, followed by adding indicated by arrow the minimal amount of dqasomes necessary estrace stomach upset to decrease the signal to background level anionic liposomes were then injected arrow at an anionic to cationic charge ratio as shown the displacement of dna from its carrier is estrace stomach upset indicated by the increase of the fluorescence signal cpm, cytoplasma membrane like liposomes imm, inner mitochondrial membrane like liposomes omm, outer mitochondrial membrane like liposomes cpm, not even at a fold excess of anionic charge however, with a similar charge excess of anionic liposomes to cationic dqasomes, and respectively, inner and estrace stomach upset outer mitochondrial membrane mimicking liposomes imm and omm, respectively are able to displace up to of the dna from its dqasomal carrier in agreement with these data, it was found estrace stomach upset that for the complete liberation estrace stomach upset of dna from dna dqasome estrace stomach upset complex, a fourfold excess of dicetylphosphate and an eightfold excess of phosphatidylserine, respectively, are necessary estrace stomach upset the finding that cpm liposomes, at an anionic to cationic charge ratio of , displace up estrace stomach upset to of the dna from lipofectin, which was used as a control, do not liberate any dna from dqasomes even at a slight excess of anionic estrace stomach upset charge, leads to the conclusion that besides the charge ratio, other factors may play an important role in the mechanism estrace stomach upset of dna release from lipiddna complexes this conclusion is being further supported by xu and estrace stomach upset szokas observation that ionic water soluble molecules such as atp, trna, dna, polyglutamic acid, spermidine estrace stomach upset and histone do not displace dna from the cationic lipiddna estrace stomach upset complex, even at a fold charge excess � in their model for the postendocytotic release estrace stomach upset of dna from cationic carriers, they assume the formation of a charge neutral ion pair between cationic and anionic lipid, estrace stomach upset which ultimately results in the displacement of the dna from estrace stomach upset the cationic lipid and the release of dna into cytoplasm liposomedna liposome ?